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No keywords specified fix it. Find it on Amazon. Edit this record Mark as duplicate Export citation Find it on Scholar Request removal from index Translate to english Revision history. Applied ethics. History of Western Philosophy. Normative ethics. Philosophy of biology. Citation Context Phonological phrases: their relation to syntax, focus, and prominence by Hubert Truckenbrodt , This dissertation examines the "free" word order or scrambling phenomena in German and Korean from the perspective of constraint interaction in Optimality Theory.
That is, various word orders are considered to be motivated and constrained by interactions among syntactic, semantic, and discourse principles of these languages. As the constraints from different modules of grammar are highly conflicting, I utilize Optimality Theory to demonstrate how the constraints interact and resolve conflicts among one another. In this approach, each scrambled variant, i. Situations and Individuals by Paul Elbourne.
This book deals with the semantics of natural language expressions that are commonly taken to refer to individuals: pronouns, definite descriptions and proper names. It claims, contrary to previous theorizing, that they all have a common syntax and semantics, roughly that which is currently associat See checking theory. Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics. STUB This article is a stub. You can help Glottopedia by expanding it. Lexical items to be used to build a sentence drawn from the lexicon are called Numeration.
From the Numeration lexical items they are selected and send to a larger category using Merge and Move. When a derivation reaches Spell-Out phonological features are stripped away and sent to the PF component. Formal features that are still after Spell-Out continue to participate and they are checked off until the last stage called LF. So, numeration is like an intermediate stage in which items that are to be used for building a derivation are collected.
Numeration also decides a reference set and provides formal features that trigger syntactic movement. Under the minimalist program, a reference set is the optimal derivation. Consider the following: 7. The above sentences have different numerations, but 7 b is more economical Jang In addition, MP is characterized by the principle of economy of representation. This requires that representation of a syntactic structure should contain only the required elements.
The elements necessary for Chomsky are the ones to be found at any level of linguistic representation. There is another economy notion called Greed. Greed says that processes only affect an element to satisfy the requirements of that element, for instance, to check the features of a verb, the verb will have to move to AGR and T and these cannot move to the verb Cook and Newson Procrastinate is argued for in accounting for the contrast between the following examples: 9.
These two derivations employ the same lexical items or the same numeration. However a satisfies the criterion of optimal derivation and therefore b is labeled as ungrammatical Jang 6. According to procrastinate, human language computation compares all the possible derivations and selects the most economical one.
However, from a conceptual consideration, it seems strange that natural languages look for all possible derivations. From empirical considerations, optional movement should not be allowed given the economic condition.
Contrary to this prediction, natural languages allow optional movement. Thus, it is concluded that global economy, such as procrastinate, is not preferable. In short, global economy compares derivations, while local economy compares operations at a given derivational stage Jang 7. Another central feature of the MP is the morphological feature checking. Chomsky clamed that there might be a universal grammar — syntax but not universal morphology. So where does the morphological feature come from?
He claimed that adding the morphology for tense and agreement to a verb is to automatically impose tense feature agreement feature to be checked off by their features respectively. Chomsky went further as to suggest the following sort features: a Categorial feature. The following examples clarify the above notions: Symmetric feature checking b. In 10 b only the feature of the head and not the matching feature of the lexical item of the specifier of KP is deleted Jang 8- 9. Vlahou 11 MP is powerful because it can account for cross linguistic variations.
Given the procrastinate, the weak N feature can be checked off at LF. The accusative case feature of an object in English is exactly this. Object feature in Icelandic belongs to this case. Moreover, if we suppose that N feature of T is weak and the V feature of this T is strong.
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